Map Patronage

[Karen Pinto]

Hello Maphisters. I hope the start of summer finds you all well & happily ensconced in research.
I am eagerly (read urgently seeking any and all references to work on map patronage--any time, any period.
All suggestions, new and old, are most welcome.

Thanks!
Karen

[Joel Kovarsky]

1. Take a look at take a look at the index for The History of Cartography: Volume 3: Cartography in the European Renaissance (http://www.geography.wisc.edu/histcart/series.html#v3). There are a number of entries there.

2. Biggs, Michael. Putting the state on the map: cartography, territory, and European state formation. Comparative Studies in Society and History (1999), 41 : pp 374-405.

3. Petto, Christine M. When France Was King of Cartography: The Patronage and Production of Maps in Early Modern France. Lexington Books, 2007. ISBN: 9780739114407.

4. There is brief mention in Mary Pedley's The Commerce of Cartography, University of Chicago Press, 2005 and in Catherine Delano-Smith's and Roger Kain's English Maps: A History, Univ. of Toronto Press, 1999.

5. Doel, et al. Extending modern cartography to the ocean depths: military patronage, Cold War priorities, and the Heezen–Tharp mapping project, 1952–1959. Journal of Historical Geography (2006), 32(3): 602-26.

6. Hernando, Augustin. The Spanish contribution to the history of cartography. The Cartographic Journal (1999), 36(2): 111-123.

Good luck with this (the question had briefly surfaced elsewhere in the past few months). I'm sure others have their own suggestions, and there look to be a number of options when you start prowling.

[MatthewEdney]

Hi Karen:

It all depends on what you mean by "map patronage"? Patronage can cover a lot of things (I found Korshin 1974 to be a useful starting point):

(1) the commissioning of maps and surveys by those in social/political/intellectual authority, usually featuring works of direct importance to themselves, in which case you're potentially looking at all the literature on official mapping activity (e.g. Doel et al. 2006) as well as the literature on art and cartography (I'm thinking of Renaissance mural maps, esp. Fiorani 2005)

(2) the strategy of map makers to use their work to secure the interest of their superiors and therefore their social and professional advancement - this is a constant theme in my own work on British mapping in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century [Edney 1993, 1994, and parts of 1997] but also see, e.g., Slotten [1994]

(3) structural support for mapping activities through the use of privileges (and copyright) (Pedley 2005), awards [Longitude Prize; Society of Arts prizes], etc. (e.g., Boud 1989 and 1993)

(4) the support of the work of individual scholars and artists -- including map makers -- as an extension of personal patronage, in which case there's a scattered literature (e.g., Barber 1989, Pinto 2011 ), but also the need to consider subscription as a modern form of distributed patronage (Bryden 1979, Clapp 1931, Pedley 1979 and 2005)

Hope this helps!

Matthew

Barber, Peter. 1989. “British Cartography.” In The Age of William III and Mary II: Power, Politics, and Patronage, 1688-1702: A Reference Encyclopedia and Exhibition Catalogue, ed. Robert P. Maccubbin and Martha Hamilton-Phillips, 95-104. Williamsburg, Va.: College of William and Mary for the Grolier Club, New York, and the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C.
Boud, R. C. 1989. “Episodes in Cartographic Patronage: The Scottish Agricultural Society and the Coal District Maps, 1834-1847.” Cartographica 26.3-4:59-88.
Boud, R. C. 1993. “Cartographic Patronage and the Highland and Agricultural Society: The Country Geological Premium Competitions, 1835-1847.” Cartographic Journal 30.1:13-29.
Bryden, D. J. 1979. “Cartography by Subscription: An Unsuccessful 18th Century Project to Issue Globes.” Revista da Universidade de Coimbra 27:281-91. Reprinted Publicações do Centro de Estudios de Cartografia Antiga, Série Separatas, 126 [Lisbon: Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar, 1979].
Clapp, S. L. C. 1931. “The Begining of Subscription Publication in the 17th Century.” Modern Philology 29:191-224.
Doel, Ronald E., Tanya J. Levin, and Mason K. Marker. 2006. “Extending Modern Cartography to the Ocean Depths: Military Patronage, Cold War Priorities, and the Heezen–Tharp Mapping Project, 1952–1959.” Journal of Historical Geography 32.3:605-26.
Edney, Matthew H. 1993. “The Patronage of Science and the Creation of Imperial Space: The British Mapping of India, 1799–1843.” Cartographica 30.1:61–67.
Edney, Matthew H. 1994. “Mathematical Cosmography and the Social Ideology of British Cartography, 1780-1820.” Imago Mundi 46:101-16.
Edney, Matthew H. 1997. Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765–1843. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Fiorani, Francesca. 2005. The Marvel of Maps: Art, Cartography and Politics in Renaissance Italy. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
Korshin, Paul J. 1974. “Types of Eighteenth-Century Literary Patronage.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 7.4:453-73.
Pedley, Mary S. 1979. “The Subscription List of the Atlas Universel (1757): A Study in Cartographic Dissemination.” Imago Mundi 31:66-77.
Pedley, Mary Sponberg. 2005. The Commerce of Cartography: Making and Marketing Maps in Eighteenth-Century France and England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Pinto, Karen. 2011. “The Maps Are the Message: Mehmet II's Patronage of an ‘Ottoman Cluster’.” Imago Mundi 63.2:155-79.
Slotten, Hugh Richard. 1994. Patronage, Practice, and the Culture of American Science: Alexander Dallas Bache and the U. S. Coast Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[J. B. Post]

Would "patronage" include the pre-publication sale of North American county atlases on a subscription basis? Money was paid to have an image of the farmhouse or the sawmill or whatever included. If this falls within your parameters, then Bates Harrington's HOW 'TIS DONE (Fidelity pub., 1879; W. I.Pattison, 1890) would be worth a look.

JBP

[Karen Pinto]

Thanks for all these terrific references. Here are a few more that I chanced upon:

Cosimo de' Medici and the Florentine Renaissance :
the patron's oeuvre /
D V Kent
2000
English  Book xiii, 537 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 29 cm.
New Haven : Yale University Press, ; ISBN: 0300081286 (alk. paper) 9780300081282 (alk. paper)

1066 : the hidden history in the Bayeux Tapestry /
Andrew Bridgeford
2005, 2004
English  Book viii, 354 p. : col. ill. ; 23 cm.
New York : Walker, ; ISBN: 0802714501 (hardcover : alk. paper) 9780802714503 (hardcover : alk. paper)
This has a chapter on patronage. Sounds promising from my medieval perspective.

"Conceit of the globe in Mughal visual practice"
Sumathi Ramaswamy
Comparative studies in society and history, an international quarterly, v. 49, no. 4, Oct. 2007.

Map-making, landscapes and memory : a geography of colonial and early modern Ireland, c.1530-1750
Author Smyth, William J
Publisher University of Notre Dame Press in association with
Place Notre Dame Ind.
Date 2006
This has a chapter on map patronage.

[MatthewEdney]

Karen:

but what kind of patronage are you after: the support of the artist?

m

[Karen Pinto]

...Patronage of the cartographer but there is no clear-cut division between artist and cartographer at least up to the Renaissance and possibly later.

I completed the review and the segment that I needed to write. Thanks to everyone for all the valuable suggestions. This is a good list for anyone interested in the topic of map patronage. I found that the 18th century was the dividing line for pre-modern and post-modern patronage. The nature of patronage changes significantly from the 18th century onwards--very interesting stuff. I could write mini reviews on all the work that I read and digested. I will spare maphisters

For medievalists, I have one very important piece to add to this list: Daniel Birkholz's "The King's Two Maps." I thoroughly enjoyed this skillfully written who-dunnit although I can see why it would be controversial in more traditional map circles where there is not necessarily a penchant for speculative work...as I know only too well Being as I am a limited believer at the altar of 100% perfectly correct historical fact and more of practitioner of the 'story' in 'history,' Birkholz's work drew me into its thoroughly thought-provoking journey of the mind. I was delighted to see that such a revolutionary study of maps (absent and present) was granted the Nebenzhal prize. It goes to show how forward-thinking the committee is. They didn't tie themselves to the tail of definitively-provable/comprehensive fact because they know that the lizard can grow a new one in a twinkling.